Currently: Dark matter has been postulated to explain "anomal" orbital
velocities of stars in galaxies. It is postulated that dark matter exists in a halo around galaxies and thus forms the correct mass which leads to the nearly constant orbital
velocities.
The only relevant omnipresent particles in space are omnipresent photons (=OPs) with a small part of below 0,01 % electron pairs. These are also called omnipresent
muon-neutrinos and electron-neutrinos.
Neutrinos are the only particles which meet the requirement to exist everywhere in universe, including the empty space in atoms:
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Extreme stable.
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Not visible by eyes
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Causes all forces "at a distance" by formation of force fields (gravitational, electric, magnetic) by specific bound structures (described and explained by New
Physics/ SURe)
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Causes the speed limit of radiated photons like light. This explains that the speed limit of RPs depend on concentration of OPs.
The concentration of omnipresent neutrinos decreases by distance to celestial bodies and increases by mass of celestial bodies.
The origin of gravitational force is the concentration gradient of free moving unbound OPs (not the
concentration).
Whereas the concentration gradient near sun stars and planets depend on square distance, for outer regions of spiral
galaxies it depends on distance only. This is the explanation for the observation, that the orbital speeds of stars in outer regions of stars do not change with distance.
A black hole is a simple star of frozen OPs. Around the surface of black holes there is a maximal concentration of
OPs, which are mostly bound OPs and nearly no free OPs. The concentration of free OPs does not change up to the galactic bulge, which means in this region there is no gravitational force at
all. Gravitation starts at the bulge, which explains the bulge as a region with a very high density of slow moving stars.
Mass only has an indirect effect on gravitational force.
Comment: Current hypothesis of a halo of dark matter around galaxies has led to many
inconsistencies.
OPs are involved in nearly all interactions in universe as these automatically generate chains of photons which bind to
specific positions on an atomic nucleus. Some of these chains are so stable that they are used for bondings beween atoms to form molecules. Others are grouped on surface of bodies and cause
optical effects like refraction, diffraction, dispersion, and "interference", which is in reality a deflection.
OPs are the only particles which create heat.